1. Filing & contesting of Complaint before Cyber Cell for Cyber Fraud

2. Legal Action for forData Theft and Computer Hacking 

3. Action for damages and penalty for Cyber Offence

4. Intermediary Liability under the Information and Technology Act

5. Intermediary Liability to Prevent Infringement of Copyright and Trademark

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT, 2000[ITA- 2000]

The provides adequate protection to control the misusing of technology and to regulate cyber fraud activities in the cyber world besides imposing Intermediary Liability to protect the business of e-commerce, e-governance, and e-banking and ensures strict penalty for cybercrimes, committed through a computer system or computer network and the consumers doing online transaction.

Cyber Crimes

i. Damage of computer, computer system, etc

ii. Tampering with computer source documents

iii. Hacking with computer system

iv. Publishing of information which is obscene in electronic form

v. Breach of confidentiality and privacy

vi. Publishing Digital Signature Certificate false in certain particulars.

vii. Unauthorized interception of communications

Types of Cyber Frauds-

1. Child Pornography/ Child sexually abusive material (SAM):- Child sexually abusive material (CSAM) refers to material containing sexual images in any form, of a child who is abused or sexually exploited. Section 67 (B) of the IT Act states that "it is punishable for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form.
2.  Cyber Bullying:-   A form of harassment or bullying inflicted through the use of electronic or communication devices such as computers, mobile phones, laptops, etc.
3. Cyber Grooming: - Cyber Grooming is when a person builds an online relationship with a young person and tricks or pressures him/ her into doing a sexual act.
4. Online Job Fraud:- Online Job Fraud is an attempt to defraud people who are in need of employment by giving them a false hope promise of better employment with higher wages.
5. Online Sextortion:- Online Sextortion occurs when someone threatens to distribute private and sensitive material using an electronic medium if he/ she doesn't provide images of a sexual nature, sexual favors, or money.
6. Vishing:- Vishing is an attempt where fraudsters try to seek personal information like Customer ID, Net Banking password, ATM PIN, OTP, Card expiry date, CV, etc. through a phone call.
7. Smshing :- Smishing is a type of fraud that uses mobile phone text messages to lure victims into calling back on a fraudulent phone number, visiting fraudulent websites, or downloading malicious content via phone or the web.
8. Sexting:- Sexting is an act of sending sexually explicit digital images, videos, text messages, or emails, usually by cell phone.
9. SIM Swap Scam:- A SIM Swap Scam occurs when fraudsters manage to get a new SIM card issued against a registered mobile number fraudulently through the mobile service provider. With the help of this new SIM card, they get One Time Password (OTP) and alerts, required for making financial transactions through the victim's bank account. Getting a new SIM card against a registered mobile number fraudulently is known as SIMSwap. 
10. Debit/Credit Card Fraud:- Credit card (or debit card) fraud involves an unauthorized use of another's credit or debit card information for the purpose of purchasing or withdrawing funds from it.
11. Impersonation and Identity Theft:- Impersonation and identity theft is an act of fraudulently or dishonestly making use of the electronic signature, password, or any other unique identification feature of any other person. 
12. Phishing:- Phishing is a type of fraud that involves stealing personal information such as Customer ID, IPIN, Credit/Debit Card number, Card expiry date, CVV number, etc. through emails that appear to be from a legitimate source. 
13. Spamming:- Spamming occurs when someone receives an unsolicited commercial message sent via email, SMS, MMS and any other similar electronic messaging media. They may try to persuade the recipient to buy a product or service, or visit a website where he can make purchases, or they may attempt to trick him/ her into divulging bank account or credit card details. 
14. Ransomware:- Ransomware is a type of computer malware that encrypts files, and storage media on communication devices like desktops, Laptops, Mobile phones, etc., holding data/information as a hostage. The victim is asked to pay the demanded ransom to get his device decrypted. 
15. Virus, Worms & Trojans: A computer Virus is a program written to enter to your computer and damage/alter your files/data and replicate themselves. Worms are malicious programs that make copies of themselves again and again on the local drive, network shares, etc. A Trojan horse is not a virus. It is a destructive program that looks as a genuine application. Unlike viruses, Trojan horses do not replicate themselves but they can be just as destructive. Trojans open a backdoor entry to your computer which gives malicious users/programs access to your system, allowing confidential and personal information to be theft. 
16. Data Breach:- A data breach is an incident in which information is accessed without authorization. 
17. Denial Of Services /Distributed DoS:- Denial of Services (DoS) attack is an attack intended for denying access to computer resource without permission of the owner or any other person who is in-charge of a computer, computer system, or computer network. A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. 
18. Website Defacement:- Website Defacement is an attack intended to change the visual appearance of a website and/ or make it dysfunctional. The attacker may post indecent, hostile and obscene images, messages, videos, etc. 
19. Cyber-Squatting:- Cyber-Squatting is an act of registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with an intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. 
20. Pharming:- Pharming is a cyber-attack aiming to redirect a website's traffic to another, bogus website.
21. Cryptojacking:- Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of computing resources to mine cryptocurrencies. 
22. Online Drug Trafficking:- Online Drug Trafficking is the crime of selling, transporting, or illegally importing unlawful controlled substances, such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, or other illegal drugs using electronic means.
23. Espionage:- Espionage is the act or practice of obtaining data and information without the permission and knowledge of the owner.

Cyber Laws of India 

Important steps  to avoid cyber fraud

1. While shopping online, check that the URL of the website contains ‘’https’’ and not only ‘’http’’ and look for the secure pad lock in the ‘Address’ bar.

2. Install a strong anti-virus software and update it regularly.

3. If any unknown person asks you to download an application, do not download the application.

4. Change your passwords regularly (at least once a month).

5. Log out from Internet Banking, once you have completed your activity.

6.  Do not share your bank details, ATM card number, card expiry, and the three-digit CVV number written on the back of the card with anyone.

7. Do not access your bank account through links in e-mails or SMS.

8.  If you receive a link or photo in a phone message or WhatsApp message from an unknown number, do not click on it.

9.  Be safe from fraudsters in the name of shifting the network to 5-G network.

10. Be careful, people are committing fraud by using photos of officials and influential people as DP on social media like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram.

11. Do not receive any type of video or audio call from any unknown number on WhatsApp.

In case of fraud, call helpline number 1930

Penalties under the Act

Section 43: Penalty of damage of computer, computer system, etc.-

Section 65: Tampering with computer source documents

Section 66: Hacking with computer system

Section 67: Publishing of information which is obscene in electronic form

Section 72: Penalty for breach of confidentiality and privacy

Section 73: Penalty for publishing Digital Signature Certificate false in certain particulars.